Friday, August 19, 2011

Models for the Atonement

Image

Context

View of Sin

Salvation

What Jesus’ Death does

The way of the cross

Texts

Redemption

Slave-Market/Israel’s Exile

Bondage (to the law, often, but also to sin)

Freedom (from condemnation)

Pays the price

(to whom?)

‘For freedom Christ has set us free’;

Ps 130:7, Rom 3:24, Col 1:14, Luke 2:38, Eph 1:7, 1 Cor 6:20; Is 52-53

Sacrifice

OT Holiness code

Impurity, unholiness

Cleansing, sanctification

Substitutes as a sacrifice; propitiates God’s wrath

‘offer your bodies as living sacrifices’

Rom 3:23-25; Hebrews; I John 2:2

Justification

Legal-covenantal

Law-breaking;

Making righteous; right with God

Bears the penalty for sin; meets the righteous requirement of the law

‘instruments of righteousness’

Rom 3:23-25; Rom 5:16-18; Eph 2; Acts 13:39

Victory

Military

Aligned with the enemies of God

Defeating the enemies of God – death, sin, the devil

His death (and resurrection) disarms the powers (whose power was the accusation against us)

‘overcome the world’

Mat 12:20; 1 Cor 15:53-5; Rev 17:14

Reconciliation

Relationships

Enmity/ broken relationship

Restores relationship; forgiveness

Deals with that which was keeping us apart

‘forgive as you have been forgiven’; ‘blessed are the peacemakers’

Rom 5, Eph 2

3 comments:

Mike W said...

Obedience?
Recapitulation?
Moral?
exemplar?

Or are we only talking of approved models

Martin Kemp said...

Now, can you explain why sacrifice, justifcation and reconciliation have been spoken of under the one heading, and in greater frequency within our tradition against all the others? I mean, I know they are all related of course (the overlap of the Bible texts says as much), but historically in the protestant west we've spoken about PSA leading to forgiveness as the dominant image. Is it just thanks to Calvin and guys like Dodd and our inheritance from them? Maybe also the RSV?

AND to add another picture: Divinization (1 Peter). AND, might be good to also add a column with figures from church history who have championed each view.
AND could we do the same with metaphors for the church? Body, Gathering, Candlestick, Household etc?

Anonymous said...

Great reference chart.

I tend to lean more towards the reconciliation model - and think a plain reading of Luke - Acts does support it.