Thursday, June 05, 2008

Richard Muller, and the uses of tradition accounts/genealogies in theology

I have finally started reading Richard Muller's The Unaccommodated Calvin. And a scholarly work with a more authoritative tone I have yet discovered. Muller knows his stuff, and knows he knows his stuff. In a nutshell, his thesis is that Calvin needs to be understood in his own context and on his own terms, and that this yields a more complicated picture than the one we usually get. Calvin must not be accomodated to any latter-day matrix or theological system, whether Barthian or even 'Calvinist'. Furthermore, you cannot see him as utterly divorced from the intellectual context that preceeded him, even when he differed from it. And again: you can't conclude from a simple reading of the later edition of the Institutes that 'Calvin's doctrine of XYZ was...'. His writings are more complex and variegated than that. He showed more development and more subtlety.

So, is it possible to learn from Calvin, or indeed any figure from history, without the historian always blowing the whistle? Muller concludes, nicely that

A clever theologian can accomodate Calvin to nearly any agenda; a faithful theologian - and a good historian - will seek to listen to Calvin, not to use him. p. 188

But I want to know: how? Given all the caveats that Muller has laid down, is there any way of accessing Calvin for today? How would he have us do this?

Whch leads me to a methodological point. It is standard practice in theological (and some philosophical) thinking to give an account of the tradition in which you stand, and also to show how you are correcting a tradition that went wrong at point X with thinker Y. It's a rhetorically powerful move, of course. Theology does this much more than other disciplines, because it believes in continuity as essential: even Luther and Calvin were at pains to show that they were not merely innovators, for example. And yet, this is a process that is evidently fraught with danger. We can give a wry smile now at the neo-orthodox accounts of 'Calvin against the Calvinists', for example, which have been proven to be simplistic. John Milbank has been taken to task for his sloppy readings of Dun Scotus (Milbank cites Scotus as the point at which theology got it all wrong and it has been downhill ever since).

But, under Muller's method, is such a process even possible? Is it possible to narrate the tradition in the way that theologians of all colours do as a matter of course?

12 comments:

Anonymous said...

Oh good, more opportunities to contribute to the spiritual and educational development of the Snozmeister.

Ways in which it is possible to listen to Calvin, and not use him:

1. Get a TARDIS, visit Geneva, but don't put any money in the offertory.
2. Have someone read his texts aloud, in a silly French accent (or indeed, in French, with a sillt French accent), whilst wearing a funny hat.
3. Read the Institutes, but then argue the complete opposite (not recommended incidentally)

I reckon this Muller guy may have over-analysed the problem. It's possible though that you have smart friends who will offer alternative, maybe even feasible, suggestions. Good luck to them I say.

Anonymous said...

Hi Michael

(Looking forward to catching up with you in a few weeks. I hope Oxford is as beautiful as it is in your picture... although I guess there won't be snow in June, will there?!)

You ask: "Given all the caveats that Muller has laid down, is there any way of accessing Calvin for today? How would he have us do this?"

Do you think it might depend on the purpose for which you're wanting to 'access Calvin'? If the project is to move pieces around the historical theology chessboard, (and I like your description of the way it is often done), then having chess pieces made of jelly might be rather frustrating.

But if you're after a wise conversation partner for your study of Scripture (and its theology), then is a failure to nail down someone's mature and completed theological position fatal to the exercise?

michael jensen said...

No snow right now... though the picture above WAS taken in April... We are very much looking forward to you coming.

You make a point which helps me breathe a sigh of relief, of course, because I want Calvin's help! It is important of course to recognise what help Calvin is giving exactly, of course.

However...

We do on the whole WANT our theology to be a reading of scripture that is in continuity with the past, nothwithstanding our freedom to deviate. I sense this is stronger in more strongly capital R Reformed circles than it is in Sydney, though. Our focus has been on biblical theology, and if Calvin agrees then good for him.

Anonymous said...

oh yeah, and;
4. What Tony said (it must have dropped off the end of my post...I can only assume my computer has some kind of sensible comment filter on it).

Guy Davies said...

Maybe you should give Paul Helm's John Calvin's Ideas a go. Helm reads Calvin against his background but also brings him into conversation with contemporary concerns. You'll find a review on the blog somewhere or other.

Be good to meet up before you leave our fair shores. Where might be a nice place to hang out with our families about half way between Wilts and Oxford?

Anonymous said...

Having just 'read' Muller's account via Questia at a single sitting, I'm curious to see what you make of his discussion passim of Melanchthon's influence on Calvin.

michael jensen said...

Well, I shall have to check out the Melanchthon discussion for meself first...

Guy: that's a great reference to chase through. I should be meeting Paul Helm in the next 18 months or so - he is comingto our Calvin 500th conference at Moore next year!

I'd love to meet. You have national trust membership, yes?

Guy Davies said...

Helm's the man when it comes to JC and yes, we're members of the NT.

Drew said...

is such a process even possible?

Does "the tradition" exist outside of our own accounts of it?

Muller shouldn't put so much faith in historians...

I suspect Calvin is one of those people to never stop reading. But, on the other hand, while you're reading Calvin, will the world pass you by?

David said...

One place to check for some tentative criticisms of Muller's approach is in Stephen Edmondson's book Calvin's Christology. He actually turns the tables a little on Muller and suggests that by trying to approach Calvin in the strictly historical way that he does is, ironically, a modern form of accommodation.

I think Edmondson offers a reading of Calvin which offers a good model of accessing Calvin today. And I think Muller's end to The Unaccommodated Calvin is an over-stated account of the dangers of approaching Calvin without proper historical sensibilities (kind of like correcting an error by going to the opposite extreme), but you can't read that book and not read Calvin more fruitfully, can you?

Bruce Yabsley said...

Our focus has been on biblical theology, and if Calvin agrees then good for him.

Michael could I get you to pin down what "biblical theology" means in that sentence?

Anonymous said...

Hey there,

I appreciate the fact that you speak of a methodology. One of the things I have been trying to do in my project is look for solid markers by which we can trace the movement of an idea.

Much of the Calvin versus the Calvinist historiography has been derailed by folk like Roger Nicole and Paul Helm because they are reading Calvin as theology, not as text. They are not engaging in proper historical analysis, but theological projection. This comes out very strongly in the case of Nicole. When folk like Rainbow and Archbald do try to cast their analysis as historical inquiry, the result is very shoddy.

At the C&C site I am trying to demonstrate beyond doubt that Calvin was in the same trajectory as was Musculus, Bullinger, Zwingli, even Luther; and others. Once we lay down the foundation, we can see that men like Cameron and Amyraut came out of this trajectory. We can also see that they added elements to i;, Federalism for example.

So for example, compare and contrast:
Zwingli on the Unlimited Expiation and Unlimited Redemption

Bullinger on Unlimited Expiation and Unlimited Redemption

Wolfgang Musculus on the Redemption of Mankind

Calvin on Unlimited Expiation, Sin-Bearing, Redemption and Reconciliation

See also Muller's recent review of Jonathan Moore's book, along with his comments regarding, Bullinger, Musculus et al here:

Richard Muller on Non-Amyraldian Precedents to Hypothetical Universalism

take care,
David